¿Cualquiera puede recordar Westworld de Michael Crichton (o su parodia en los Simpsons)? En está ciencia ficción distopica de 1973, turistas visitan el triumvirato de parques fantásticos temáticos en que trabajan robots históricos recreacionistas: Mundo romano, medieval y el lejano oeste americano, con su violencia sin ley en la frontera americana. Cuando un virus infecta los androides de los parques, James Brolin bebe pelear sin tregua contra un pistolero robot - interpretado por el cara-rigida de Yul Brenner - hasta la muerte. La película puede verse jocosamente fechaza, pero los miedos que muestra son transversales: 2001, Terminator, Battlestar Galactica, I, Robot e incluso el remake de Westworld en el trabajo - el tema perene del hombre versus la maquina, es al menos tan antiguo como el silencioso film de Fritz Lang Metropolis y que llego a ser incluso más relevante que nuestro mundo cazado por drones.
Pero son malvados - o al menos peligrosamente irreparables - robots algo que nosotros deberíamos legitimamente tenerles miedo?. No de acuerdo al visionario autor de ciencia ficción y entusiasta de Disney Ray Bradbury in una carta al escritor inglés Brian Sibley, escrita en 1974, un año después de estrenada la película de horror de parque Westworld. El contenido principal de la carta de Bradbury consiste en una vigorosa defensa de Walt Disney y Disneylandia, contra quien "la mayoría de los otros arquitectos del mundo moderno juzgarán como loco" Sibley recalca que su carta inicial "expresa dudas sobre el uso de Disney de creaciones Audio-animatronicas de Disneylandia" "A este momento - él explica - Yo... he probablemente leído tantas historias de ciencia ficción sobre el peligro de los robots sobre nuestro mundo humano - incluyendo, por supuesto, algunas de Ray - y he visto esto como siniestro más que un experimento benigno".
Después de su elogio de Disney, Bradbury escribe dos agitados epilogos explotando de lo que Silbley llama " vistas mal informadas y prejuicios" en los robots. Él se refiere a clases de entidades automatizadas como "extensiones de la gente" benignas como libros, proyectores de películas, coches, y, presumiblemente, todas las demás formas de tecnología. A pesar de que en los libros, realmente no pueden manejar armas ni matar a la gente, Bradbury hace una discusión interesante acerca de los temores de que los robots similares a las que conducen a la censura y la ignorancia forzada. Pero la reconvención de Bradbury suena a una nota misántropa que, sin embargo, tiene sabor a verdad. Entre los ejemplos más destacados que ofrece: "No tengo miedo de los robots", afirma, categóricamente, "Tengo miedo de la gente, la gente, la gente." Él pasa a la lista solo a algunos de los conflictos en los que los humanos matan a otros seres humanos por motivos religiosos, raciales, nacionalistas, etc .: "católicos matan a los blancos protestantes ... matan a los negros ... Ingléses matan a irlandés ...." Es una pequeña muestra que podría continuar indefinidamente. Bradbury da a entender fuertemente que los temores que proyectan sobre cucos robóticos son, en realidad, el temor infundado- uno sobre otro- a la gente. Sugiere que puede ser monstruoso cuando ellos no "siguen siendo humanos", y la tecnología, incluyendo los robots- únicamente ayudan con las tareas necesaria de la "humanización" de nosotros mismos. "¿Los robots?", Escribe Bradbury, "Dios, los amo. Y voy a utilizar humanamente para enseñar todo lo anterior ".
Lee la transcripción de la carta debajo, corteía de Letters of Note, y esta seguro de revisar el sitio new book-length collection con fascinante correspondencia histórica.
10 de Junio, 1974
10 de Junio, 1974
Querido Brian Sibley:
Esto tiene que ser corto. Lo siento. Pero estoy profundamente sumergido en mi guión. ALGO MALVADO SE ACERCA y no tengo secretario, nunca me han tenido que escribir... y debo escribir todas mis propias cartas...¡¡¡ 200 una semana !!!
Disney era un soñador y un doer. Mientras el resto de nosotros estábamos hablando sobre el futuro, se llevaron a cabo. Las cosas que nos enseñó en Disneyland acerca de la planificación de la calle, los movimientos de masa, la comodidad, la humanidad, etc., influirán constructores arquitectos, urbanistas para el próximo siglo. Gracias a él vamos a humanizar nuestras ciudades, pueblos pequeños planificar de nuevo donde podemos entrar en contacto unos con otros de nuevo y hacer que la democracia funcione de manera creativa, porque vamos a conocer a las personas que votamos. Estaba tan lejos por delante de su tiempo que tomará es los próximos 50 años para ponerse al día. Tienes que venir a Disneyland y comer sus palabras, tragar sus dudas. La mayor parte de los otros arquitectos del mundo moderno eran los asnos y los tontos que hablaron en contra de Gran Hermano y luego construyeron prisiones para todos nosotros soportar in..our ambientes modernos que asfixian y nos destruyen. Disney la llamada conservadora resulta ser de Disney el gran hombre de la previsión y la construcción.
Disney was a dreamer and a doer..while the rest of us were talking ab out the future, he built it. The things he taught us at Disneyland about street planning, crowd movement, comfort, humanity, etc, will influence builders architects, urban planners for the next century. Because of him we will humanize our cities, plan small towns again where we can get in touch with one another again and make democracy work creatively because we will KNOW the people we vote for. He was so far ahead of his time it will take is the next 50 years to catch up. You MUST come to Disneyland and eat your words, swallow your doubts. Most of the other architects of the modern world were asses and fools who talked against Big Brother and then built prisons to put us all up in..our modern environments which stifle and destroy us. Disney the so-called conservative turns out to be Disney the great man of foresight and construction.
Enough. Come here soon. I’ll toss you in the Jungle Ride River and ride you on the train into tomorrow, yesterday, and beyond.
Good luck, and stop judging at such a great distance. You are simply not qualified. Disney was full of errors, paradoxes, mistakes. He was also full of life, beauty, insight. Which speaks for all of us, eh? We are all mysteries of light and dark. There are no true conservatives, liberals, etc, in the world. Only people.
Best,
(Signed, ‘Ray B.’)
P.S. I can’t find that issue of THE NATION, of the NEW REPUBLIC, which ever it was, with my letter in it on Disney. Mainly I said that if Disneyland was good enough for Captain Bligh it was good enough for me. Charles Laughton and his wife took me to Disneyland for my very first visit and our first ride was the Jungle Boat Ride, which Laughton immediately commandeered, jeering at customers going by in other boats! A fantastic romp for me and a hilarious day. What a way to start my association with Disneyland! R.B.
P.S. Can’t resist commenting on you fears of the Disney robots. Why aren’t you afraid of books, then? The fact is, of course, that people have been afraid of books, down through history. They are extensions of people, not people themselves. Any machine, any robot, is the sum total of the ways we use it. Why not knock down all robot camera devices and the means for reproducing the stuff that goes into such devices, things called projectors in theatres? A motion picture projector is a non-humanoid robot which repeats truths which we inject into it. Is it inhuman? Yes. Does it project human truths to humanize us more often than not? Yes.
The excuse could be made that we should burn all books because some books are dreadful.
We should mash all cars because some cars get in accidents because of the people driving them.
We should burn down all the theatres in the world because some films are trash, drivel.
So it is finally with the robots you say you fear. Why fear something? Why not create with it? Why not build robot teachers to help out in schools where teaching certain subjects is a bore for EVERYONE? Why not have Plato sitting in your Greek Class answering jolly questions about his Republic? I would love to experiment with that. I am not afraid of robots. I am afraid of people, people, people. I want them to remain human. I can help keep them human with the wise and lovely use of books, films, robots, and my own mind, hands, and heart.
I am afraid of Catholics killing Protestants and vice versa.
I am afraid of whites killing blacks and vice versa.
I am afraid of English killing Irish and vice versa.
I am afraid of young killing old and vice versa.
I am afraid of Communists killing Capitalists and vice versa.
But…robots? God, I love them. I will use them humanely to teach all of the above. My voice will speak out of them, and it will be a damned nice voice.
Best, R.B.
Disney era un soñador y un doer. Mientras el resto de nosotros estábamos hablando sobre el futuro, se llevaron a cabo. Las cosas que nos enseñó en Disneyland acerca de la planificación de la calle, los movimientos de masa, la comodidad, la humanidad, etc., influirán constructores arquitectos, urbanistas para el próximo siglo. Gracias a él vamos a humanizar nuestras ciudades, pueblos pequeños planificar de nuevo donde podemos entrar en contacto unos con otros de nuevo y hacer que la democracia funcione de manera creativa, porque vamos a conocer a las personas que votamos. Estaba tan lejos por delante de su tiempo que tomará es los próximos 50 años para ponerse al día. Tienes que venir a Disneyland y comer sus palabras, tragar sus dudas. La mayor parte de los otros arquitectos del mundo moderno eran los asnos y los tontos que hablaron en contra de Gran Hermano y luego construyeron prisiones para todos nosotros soportar in..our ambientes modernos que asfixian y nos destruyen. Disney la llamada conservadora resulta ser de Disney el gran hombre de la previsión y la construcción.
Disney was a dreamer and a doer..while the rest of us were talking ab out the future, he built it. The things he taught us at Disneyland about street planning, crowd movement, comfort, humanity, etc, will influence builders architects, urban planners for the next century. Because of him we will humanize our cities, plan small towns again where we can get in touch with one another again and make democracy work creatively because we will KNOW the people we vote for. He was so far ahead of his time it will take is the next 50 years to catch up. You MUST come to Disneyland and eat your words, swallow your doubts. Most of the other architects of the modern world were asses and fools who talked against Big Brother and then built prisons to put us all up in..our modern environments which stifle and destroy us. Disney the so-called conservative turns out to be Disney the great man of foresight and construction.
Enough. Come here soon. I’ll toss you in the Jungle Ride River and ride you on the train into tomorrow, yesterday, and beyond.
Good luck, and stop judging at such a great distance. You are simply not qualified. Disney was full of errors, paradoxes, mistakes. He was also full of life, beauty, insight. Which speaks for all of us, eh? We are all mysteries of light and dark. There are no true conservatives, liberals, etc, in the world. Only people.
Best,
(Signed, ‘Ray B.’)
P.S. I can’t find that issue of THE NATION, of the NEW REPUBLIC, which ever it was, with my letter in it on Disney. Mainly I said that if Disneyland was good enough for Captain Bligh it was good enough for me. Charles Laughton and his wife took me to Disneyland for my very first visit and our first ride was the Jungle Boat Ride, which Laughton immediately commandeered, jeering at customers going by in other boats! A fantastic romp for me and a hilarious day. What a way to start my association with Disneyland! R.B.
P.S. Can’t resist commenting on you fears of the Disney robots. Why aren’t you afraid of books, then? The fact is, of course, that people have been afraid of books, down through history. They are extensions of people, not people themselves. Any machine, any robot, is the sum total of the ways we use it. Why not knock down all robot camera devices and the means for reproducing the stuff that goes into such devices, things called projectors in theatres? A motion picture projector is a non-humanoid robot which repeats truths which we inject into it. Is it inhuman? Yes. Does it project human truths to humanize us more often than not? Yes.
The excuse could be made that we should burn all books because some books are dreadful.
We should mash all cars because some cars get in accidents because of the people driving them.
We should burn down all the theatres in the world because some films are trash, drivel.
So it is finally with the robots you say you fear. Why fear something? Why not create with it? Why not build robot teachers to help out in schools where teaching certain subjects is a bore for EVERYONE? Why not have Plato sitting in your Greek Class answering jolly questions about his Republic? I would love to experiment with that. I am not afraid of robots. I am afraid of people, people, people. I want them to remain human. I can help keep them human with the wise and lovely use of books, films, robots, and my own mind, hands, and heart.
I am afraid of Catholics killing Protestants and vice versa.
I am afraid of whites killing blacks and vice versa.
I am afraid of English killing Irish and vice versa.
I am afraid of young killing old and vice versa.
I am afraid of Communists killing Capitalists and vice versa.
But…robots? God, I love them. I will use them humanely to teach all of the above. My voice will speak out of them, and it will be a damned nice voice.
Best, R.B.
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